Learn about the potential complications of an HSG test and when you may be able to file a medical malpractice lawsuit in Florida

A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a common diagnostic procedure used to evaluate a woman’s uterus and fallopian tubes—often as part of a fertility workup. While it’s generally considered safe, like any medical procedure, an HSG isn’t without risks. 

Complications can range from mild discomfort to more serious outcomes like infections, allergic reactions, infertility, and even wrongful death. In rare but significant cases, patient harm may be the result of medical negligence. 

In this article, we’ll explain what to expect during an HSG, what can go wrong, and when those complications may give rise to a potential medical malpractice lawsuit.

What is an HSG procedure?

An HSG, or hysterosalpingogram, is a specialized X-ray procedure that helps doctors assess the shape of the uterus and check whether the fallopian tubes are open. It’s most commonly used in fertility evaluations to identify potential blockages or abnormalities that could interfere with conception or cause repeated miscarriages.

Here’s how it works: The procedure is typically done in a radiology or outpatient clinic setting and only takes about 15 to 30 minutes. The patient lies on an exam table, and a speculum is inserted into the vagina to allow access to the cervix—similar to a Pap smear. 

Then, a small catheter is placed through the cervix, and a special dye is injected into the uterus. As the dye travels through the reproductive tract, a series of X-ray images (called fluoroscopy) are taken in real-time to show how the dye moves through the uterus and fallopian tubes.

If the dye flows freely and spills out the ends of both tubes, that usually means the tubes are open. If it doesn’t pass through one or both tubes, that may indicate a blockage or another structural issue. 

The results of an HSG can help doctors determine the next steps in diagnosing infertility or planning further treatment.

How painful is an HSG procedure?

An HSG procedure can be uncomfortable, but the level of pain varies from person to person. Most women describe it as feeling similar to strong menstrual cramps or pressure during the injection of the contrast dye.

What is the most common complication of HSG?

The most significant risk associated with an HSG procedure is infection of the pelvis or fallopian tubes, which occurs in about 3 out of every 100 patients, according to Harvard Health Publishing. This risk is higher for individuals with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or previous sexually transmitted infections. 

If left untreated, an HSG-related infection can lead to serious complications, including chronic pelvic pain, scarring of the fallopian tubes, and an increased risk of infertility. In severe cases, untreated infections can spread beyond the reproductive system and become life-threatening.

While infection is the most serious concern, there are other potential complications to be aware of, including:

• Uterine injury. Although rare, inserting instruments or injecting dye can occasionally cause damage to the uterus.
• Allergic reaction to contrast dye. Some patients may react to the dye, especially if they have a known allergy to iodine-based substances.
• Radiation exposure. HSG involves a small amount of radiation. While the dose is low and not considered harmful, it’s critical that pregnant patients do not undergo this procedure.

If you experience fever, foul-smelling discharge, increasing pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, or vomiting after your HSG, contact your doctor immediately. These could be signs of a complication that needs prompt treatment.

What does infection after HSG feel like?

An infection after a hysterosalpingogram procedure can feel similar to a severe pelvic infection or worsening menstrual symptoms—but with some key warning signs that shouldn’t be ignored. 

Here’s what you might experience if an infection develops:

While mild cramping and light spotting are normal after an HSG, symptoms that escalate or persist beyond a couple of days—especially fever and unusual discharge—are red flags. 

Early treatment with antibiotics can often prevent more serious complications like scarring, infertility, or the spread of infection to other areas of the body, so always seek immediate medical treatment if you have signs of infection after an HSG procedure.

When can I sue after a botched HSG procedure?

You may be able to sue after a botched HSG procedure if the harm you experienced was the direct result of medical negligence (a medical mistake). 

Not every complication is grounds for a lawsuit—some risks are known and unavoidable—but if a doctor or healthcare provider failed to follow proper standards of care and you were injured as a result, you may have a valid claim.

Here are some examples of doctor negligence in which legal action may be appropriate:

To sue after an HSG injury, you’ll need to work with an experienced surgical malpractice attorney near you to prove that:

1. A doctor-patient relationship existed.
2. The provider failed to meet the accepted medical standard of care.
3. That breach caused your injury.
4. You suffered measurable damages (like additional medical bills, lost fertility, or long-term pain).

If you suspect your complications were preventable, speak with a medical malpractice attorney as soon as possible about filing a sterility lawsuit. There are strict time limits (statutes of limitations) for filing a claim, and early legal advice can help preserve your rights and gather crucial evidence.

Need help from an experienced Tampa medical malpractice attorney after a botched HSG procedure in Florida?

At Palmer Lopez, our focus is medical malpractice, so we have a deep understanding of the laws and standards that apply to healthcare providers in Florida. 

Our team of knowledgeable Tampa medical malpractice lawyers is committed to helping people in situations like yours get the answers and compensation they deserve by holding doctors accountable for their negligence. 

Unlike high-volume firms that rush to settle, we take the time to truly understand your case and what’s at stake for you and your family.

Reach out to Palmer Lopez today to schedule a free consultation. We’re here to listen, explain your options, and help you move forward with confidence.